Understanding Fractures: Causes, Types, and First Aid Treatment

Fractures are medical conditions in which a bone is broken or cracked. They can result from various factors, such as trauma, overuse, or sports injuries, ranging from minor cracks to complete breaks.

Types of Fractures

• Simple or closed fractures: The bone is broken, but the skin remains intact.
• Compound or open fractures: The bone and skin are broken, exposing the bone.
• Comminuted fractures: The bone is broken into several pieces.
• Greenstick fractures: The bone is partially broken but not entirely, most common in children.
• Spiral fractures: The bone is twisted or has a spiral shape.

Symptoms of Fractures

• Pain
• Swelling
• Bruising
• Difficulty moving the affected limb
• Deformity of the limb

First Aid Treatment for Fractures

1. Call for medical help: Seek immediate medical attention for suspected fractures.
2. Keep the person still: Prevent further damage by keeping the person as still as possible.
3. Apply direct pressure: If bleeding, apply pressure to the wound to help stop blood flow.
4. Provide comfort: Help the person find a comfortable position and offer emotional support.
5. Splint the limb: Use a firm, flat material to immobilise the limb and prevent further damage.
6. Use a sling: Place an arm in a horizontal sling for comfort and support.
7. Call an ambulance: If unable to transport the person by car, call an ambulance and provide the necessary information.

Acting promptly and providing appropriate first aid care for fractures can minimise complications and facilitate a quicker recovery.